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1) ~하는 것/ ~ 하기는 동명사나 to 부정사를 쓴다.

my hobby is exercising

my hobby is to exercise

2) 해야할 명사, 명사 + to 부정사

I have homework to do

I had time to shop

3) ~하기 위해는 to 부정사

I studied hard to get a good grade

She want to stay with her family

I studied hard in order to get a good grade

I studied hard so as to get a good grade

4)동명사를 목적어로 하는 동사

admit

avoid

deny

enjoy

give up

postpone

practice

quit

She denied cheating on the test.

Above all, teenagers enjoy spending time with their friends.

5) to 부정사를 목적어로 쓰는 동사 

agree

ask 

choose

decide

demand

hope

learn

plan

promise

want

6) 전치사의 목적어는 동명사를 사용한다

I object to going there.

I look forward to seeing you.

She is not used to getting up early.

7) to 부정사는 미래, 동명사는 했거나 그 자체

I like to dance 나는 춤을 추고 싶다. 

I like dancing 나는 춤추는거 좋아한다. 

8) 부정문은 not + to 부정사/동명사

Not having a computer is inconvenient

I decided not to give up

9) 무엇을/어디서/언제/어떻게 ~할지 what/where/when/how to 부정사 

I forgot what to say.

10) A에게 to 부정사 할것을 ~하다. 동사 + A + to 부정사 

advice

allow

ask

help

promise

tell

want

He asked me to leave.

Long summer vacation allows students to study abroad.

11) 너무 ~해서 ~할 수 없다 too 형용사 to 부정사 (not 없음)

The bread is too hard to slice

12) to 부정사 할만큼 충분히/충분한 형용사 enough to 부정사/ enough 명사 to 부정사 

He is rich enough to buy a big house

He is enough money to buy a big house

a lunch break

an information desk

sales volume

a standing ovation: the singer received a standing ovation for her outstanding performance.

a wall outlet: my apartment doesn't have enough wall outlets for all of my appliances

gas emissions

an aisle seat

a delivery charge

a complaint department

a drug overdose

a water shortage

climate change

a speed limit

order status

tooth decay

job prospects

a token of appreciation

a student loan

leg room

voter turnout

snow flurries

credit standing: a good way to improve your credit standing is to pay all your bills on time.

a customs declaration

room temperature

..

deliberate: deliberate mischief 고의적인 거짓말, deliberate judgment 숙고끝의 판단, with deliberate steps 느긋한 걸음걸이 

fringe: on the fringe of the desert 사막주위에, a pond fringed with willows 버드나무가 늘어선 연못 

ripple: the ripe cornfields rippled in the wind, 수확기의 옥수수밭은 바람에 물결치고 있다, a rippling stream 잔물결소리 내는 시냇물 

           the wind rippled the curtains 바람이 불어 커튼에 잔물결을 일으켰다. 

a common interest

modern conveniences

an outside line

a sharp contrast

a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity

a natural habitat

a last resort: Many farms use pesticides as a last resort if safer methods prove unsuccessful.

full name

recycled paper

a perfect fit

a strong indication: There is a strong indication that the economy will experience a downturn by year's end.

a daunting task: Looking for a good but affordable apartment can be a daunting task.

stifling heat: Residents in this city go to the beach to get away from the stifling heat in summer.

a volatile market: In a volatile market, investors tend to prefer more stable investments.

bodily fluids

a sudden change

a feasible plan

an endangered species

an exhaustive list

a late fee

a connecting flight

a distinctive characterstic

sick leave

temporary relief

a natural aversion: Most people have a natural aversion to insects an worms

abject poverty

a regular guest

a competitive price

an indelible impression: The young genius poet made an indelible impression on the reporter who interviewed him.

an indigenous species: The brown bear is an indigenous species in the country and is protected by law.

an astute observation: In his book, the novelist made astute observations about the nature of human beings.

a good deed

prompt service

a reasonable price

a unilateral decision

a collaborative effort

..

amicable 우호적인 

aquittal: 무죄방면, verdict of acquittal 

brute: 짐승, 신체적, 잔인한 

capital punishment: 사형

desolate: 황량한 

dispose: dispose furniture tastefully around the room: 가구를 방에 기호에 맞게 배치하다. (배치하다)

              overwork disposes one to sickness: 과로는 병을 유발하기 쉽다. (경향을 갖게 하다)

              his encouragement disposed me for the job: 그의 격려로 그 일을 해볼 마음이 생겼다. (마음을 갖게하다)

drastic: drastic remedy 강력한 치료, take a drastic measure 과감한 조치를 취하다 

entitle: 제목을 붙이다, 자격을 주다, 부여하다. 

fastidious: be fastidious about one's apperance 외모에 까다롭다 

frugal: 검소한, 절약하는

inclement: 혹독한, 험한 <-> serene: 고요한 

lame excuse: 궁색한 변명

ostentatious 화려한, 허세부리는 

profuse: a profuse mass of curls 풍성한 곱슬머리, be profuse with one's money 돈을 아낌없이 쓰다, profuse apologies 과다한 변명 

resignation: 사퇴 

sanction: get offical sanction: 당국의 허가를 얻다 (허가)

                moral sanction: 도덕적 구속 (구속)

                sanction against desertion: 탈주에 댛나 처벌 (벌칙)

                take sanctions against [=impose sanctions on]: ~에 대해 제재 조치를 취하다 (제재)

                sanction parking on the sidewalk: 보도상의 주차를 인정하다. (인정하다, 용인하다, 시인하다)

sojourn: 머무르다 

subordinate: rules should be subordinate to reason 규칙은 이성에 따르는 것이어야한다. subordinate 종속 

tedious: the task seemed tedious to me 내게는 그 일이 지루한 것 같았다. 

..

A: I think there's something wrong with this phone.

B: Oh, you have to dial 9 to get an outside line

take a lesson 

take the initiative: Mr. Kim should often take the initiative in making contacts with patrons.

take a risk

take a supplement

take the subway 

make a living 

make a fuss

make an exception

make an apology

make a mistake 

make an accusation: A shopper made an accusation against one of our clerks.

do the laundry

do one's hair

do harm

run a test

run a business

run an advertisement

run a fever

meet one's needs

meet a deadline

deliver a message

deliver a baby

deliver a speech

deliver a verdict

receive a refund

receive a scholarship: Those who maintain an A average are eligible to receive a scholarship.

draw praise: The newspaper columnist drew praise for his perceptive comments

draw a conclusion

fill a position

fill a prescription

catch a cold

catch a flight

catch a glimpse

hold a meeting

hold a grudge

break a law

break a record

break the silence

..

conserve: water, fuel, energy, forests, resources, electricity, soil

preserve: one's reputation, one's honor, the sight, historical landmark, wild life, the ecosystem